^ "When Less is More: Japanese "MA" concept, minimalism & beyond".^ "A Note for MA: Space/Time in the Garden of Ryoan-Ji - Iimura".In the West we have neither word nor term. The Japanese have a word (ma) for this interval which gives shape to the whole. Isaac Stern described music as "that little bit between each note - silences which give the form". Ralph Richardson asserted that acting lay in pauses. Mallarmé conceived poems with absences as well as words. Giacometti sculpted by " taking the fat off space".
In his 2001 book, The Art of Looking Sideways, graphic designer Alan Fletcher discussed the importance that perceived negative space could hold in art: Knowing the safe distance between oneself and an opponent based on their reach is considered "understanding ma". In karate, ma refers to the distance between two fighters. In ikebana, the space around the flowers is considered to be equally as important as the flowers and plants themselves, with harmony and balance between the two considered the ideal. The concept is also associated with oku or the Japanese spatial concept of "inwardness". For example, the tokonoma alcove in a traditional Japanese room is a space or a stage used to display important objects, such as a painting scroll, an important art object, or a flower arrangement. Ma appears in many areas of Japanese arts and culture. Originally, the character 間 was written with the glyph for "moon" ( 月) instead of the character for "sun" ( 日), and, in this form ( 閒, xián), depicted, according to Bernhard Karlgren, "A door through the crevice of which the moonshine peeps in". Īmong English loanwords of Japanese origin, both ma (interval, space) and ken (unit of architectural measurement) are written with the Chinese character 間 derived from the character 門 ("door") and 日 ("sun").
NEGATIVE SOACE FULL
The existence of ma in an artwork has been interpreted as "an emptiness full of possibilities, like a promise yet to be fulfilled", and has been described as "the silence between the notes which make the music". This results in the concept of ma being less reliant on the existence of a gap, and more closely related to the perception of a gap. Though commonly used to refer to literal, visible negative space, ma may also refer to the perception of a space, gap or interval, without necessarily requiring a physical compositional element. The concept of space as a positive entity as opposed the absence of such a principle in a correlated 'Japanese' notion of space.
In modern interpretations of traditional Japanese arts and culture, ma is taken to refer to an artistic interpretation of an empty space, often holding as much importance as the rest of an artwork and focusing the viewer on the intention of negative space in an art piece. 'gap, space, pause') is a Japanese reading of a Sino-Japanese character, which is often used to refer to what is claimed to be a specific Japanese concept of negative space. The empty space in this piece is considered to be as important as the trees depicted. Left panel of the Pine Trees Screen ( 松林図 屏風, Shōrin-zu byōbu) by Hasegawa Tōhaku.
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